A Survey on Problems in Smart Grid with Large Capacity Wind Farm Interconnected

AbstractThe basic concepts and development of smart grid is described. The influence of large capacity wind farm interconnected on the smart grid is analyzed particularly, following contents are emphatically presented: model of wind farm, basic operation performance, output forecasting of wind farm, power flow in smart grid including wind farm, balance of voltage and raeactive power, small disturbance stability, transient stability, faults and reliability, etc., in the hope of offering references for the fast development of smart grids absorbing more capacity of wind power

Weakly distance-regular circulants, I

We classify certain non-symmetric commutative association schemes. As an application, we determine all the weakly distance-regular circulants of one type of arcs by using Schur rings. We also give the classification of primitive weakly distance-regular circulants.Comment: 28 page

Ethanol Vapor Sensing Properties of Triangular Silver Nanostructures Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance

A sensitive volatile organic vapor sensor based on the LSPR properties of silver triangular nanoprisms is proposed in this paper. The triangular nanoprisms were fabricated by a nanosphere lithography (NSL) method. They have sharp vertices and edges, and are arranged in an ideal hexangular array. These characteristics ensure that they exhibit an excellent LSPR spectrum and a high sensitivity to the exterior environment changes. The LSPR spectra responding to ethanol vapor and four other volatile organic vapors—acetone, benzene, hexane and propanol—were measured with a UV-vis spectrometer in real time. Compared with the other four vapors, ethanol exhibits the highest sensitivity (∼0.1 nm/mg L−1) and the lowest detection limit (∼10 mg/L) in the spectral tests. The ethanol vapor test process is also fast (∼4 s) and reversible. These insights demonstrate that the triangular nanoprism based nano-sensor can be used in ethanol vapor detection applications

Metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in general Chinese adults: Results from the 2007–08 China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study

AbstractBackgroundChina is undergoing a rapid transition to an urbanized and Western diet pattern, which worsens the public health burden of metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of CKD among adults with MS and to evaluate the association between MS and CKD in China.MethodsThe data were obtained from the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study conducted from June 2007 to May 2008. A total of 15,987 individuals aged 20y or older were included as study participants.ResultsAge-standardized prevalence of CKD, which was defined as a glomerular filtration rate <60ml/min/1.73m2, in participants with and without MS was 4.64% and 3.30%, respectively. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of CKD associated with MS was 1.495 (95% CI: 1.190–1.879). Elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose, elevated triglycerides, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol had statistically significant increased odds ratios of 1.218, 1.256, 1.325 and 1.797 for CKD, respectively, while elevated waist circumference was not significantly associated with an increased odds ratio of CKD.ConclusionsOur study suggests an increasing prevalence of CKD among Chinese adults with MS and a strong association between CKD and MS

Stomatal Conductance and Morphology of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Wheat Plants Response to Elevated CO2 and NaCl Stress

Stomata play a critical role in the regulation of gas exchange between the interior of the leaf and the exterior environment and are affected by environmental and endogenous stimuli. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, on the stomatal behavior of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants under combination with elevated CO2 and NaCl stress. Wheat seedlings were exposed to ambient (400 ppm) or elevated (700 ppm) CO2 concentrations and 0, 1, and 2 g kg−1 dry soil NaCl treatments for 10 weeks. AM symbiosis increased the leaf area and stomatal density (SD) of the abaxial surface. Stomatal size and the aperture of adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were higher in the AM than non-AM plants under elevated CO2 and salinity stress. AM plants showed higher stomatal conductance (gs) and maximum rate of gs to water vapor (gsmax) compared with non-AM plants. Moreover, leaf water potential (Ψ) was increased and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) was decreased by AM colonization, and both were significantly associated with stomatal conductance. The results suggest that AM symbiosis alters stomatal morphology by changing SD and the size of the guard cells and stomatal pores, thereby improving the stomatal conductance and water relations of wheat leaves under combined elevated CO2 and salinity stress

croFGD: Catharanthus roseus Functional Genomics Database

Catharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant, which can produce monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) metabolites with biological activity and is rich in vinblastine and vincristine. With release of the scaffolded genome sequence of C. roseus, it is necessary to annotate gene functions on the whole-genome level. Recently, 53 RNA-seq datasets are available in public with different tissues (flower, root, leaf, seedling, and shoot) and different treatments (MeJA, PnWB infection and yeast elicitor). We used in-house data process pipeline with the combination of PCC and MR algorithms to construct a co-expression network exploring multi-dimensional gene expression (global, tissue preferential, and treat response) through multi-layered approaches. In the meanwhile, we added miRNA-target pairs, predicted PPI pairs into the network and provided several tools such as gene set enrichment analysis, functional module enrichment analysis, and motif analysis for functional prediction of the co-expression genes. Finally, we have constructed an online croFGD database (http://bioinformatics.cau.edu.cn/croFGD/). We hope croFGD can help the communities to study the C. roseus functional genomics and make novel discoveries about key genes involved in some important biological processes